% QAM scaling

% 4-QAM
x = 0.5;

X = [x'] + sqrt(-1)*[x];
N1 = sqrt(norm(X,'fro')^2/1)

x = [0.5 1.5];
X = [x' x'] + sqrt(-1)*[x; x];
N2 = sqrt(norm(X,'fro')^2/4)

x = [0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5];
X = [x' x' x' x'] + sqrt(-1)*[x; x; x; x];
N3 = sqrt(norm(X,'fro')^2/16)

x = [0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5];
X = [x' x' x' x' x' x' x' x'] + sqrt(-1)*[x; x; x; x; x; x; x; x];
N4 = sqrt(norm(X,'fro')^2/64)